每日英語跟讀 Ep.K621: Reducing Carbon Emissions: EU Targets and Policies
The European Union has set ambitious targets to combat climate change as part of the European Green Deal. The recently adopted European Climate Law commits the EU to reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, a significant increase from the current 40% reduction target. Additionally, the Climate Law legally binds the EU to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. To realize these objectives, the EU has introduced the Fit for 55 in 2030 package, comprising a series of interconnected revised and new laws related to climate and energy.
歐洲聯盟為應對氣候變化設定了雄心勃勃的目標，作為歐洲綠色協議的一部分。最近通過的歐洲氣候法案承諾歐盟到2030年至少減少55%的淨溫室氣體排放，相較目前的40%減排目標有顯著增加。此外，氣候法案使歐盟在2050年實現氣候中和成為法律約束。為了實現這些目標，歐盟推出了Fit for 55 in 2030計劃，其中包括一系列相互關聯的修訂法律和與氣候和能源相關的新法律。
To tackle carbon emissions from the industry, the EU has implemented the Emissions Trading System (ETS), the world's leading carbon market. Under this system, companies must obtain permits for each tonne of CO2 they emit and acquire these permits through auctions. The ETS covers about 40% of total EU greenhouse gas emissions, including around 10,000 power stations and manufacturing plants within the EU. To align with the emission reduction targets of the European Green Deal, the ETS underwent a significant update in April 2023, with emissions cuts set at 62% by 2030, based on 2005 levels.
為應對工業產生的碳排放，歐盟實施了排放交易系統（ETS），這是世界領先的碳市場。根據這一系統，公司必須為每噸二氧化碳排放獲得許可證，並通過拍賣獲取這些許可證。ETS覆蓋了約40%的歐盟溫室氣體排放，包括約10,000個位於歐盟境內的發電站和製造廠。為了與歐洲綠色協議的減排目標相符，ETS在2023年4月經歷了重大更新，將2030年的排放目標設定為2005年總排放量的38%。
Efforts to reduce emissions in the transportation sector have become a major focus for the EU. Civil aviation contributes to 13.4% of total CO2 emissions from EU transport, prompting the implementation of a revised Emissions Trading System for aviation, covering all flights departing from the European Economic Area. The EU aims to phase out free allocations for aviation by 2026 and promote the use of sustainable aviation fuels. For maritime transport, the ETS will also be extended, targeting a 2% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from ships by 2025 and an 80% reduction by 2050, applying to ships over a gross tonnage of 5,000.
減少運輸領域的排放已成為歐盟的主要焦點。民航業佔歐盟運輸總量13.4%的CO2排放，促使對民航業進行修訂版本排放交易系統的實施，該系統涵蓋所有從歐洲經濟區出發的航班。歐盟計劃在2026年之前逐步取消對民航業的免費配額，並推廣使用永續的航空燃料。對於海運，ETS也將得到擴展，目標是到2025年將超過5,000噸總噸位的船舶的溫室氣體排放減少2%，並在2050年將其減少80%。
The energy sector plays a significant role in EU greenhouse gas emissions, with fuel combustion accounting for over three-quarters of the total. To address this, the EU aims to decrease energy consumption and increase the use of cleaner energy sources, reducing dependence on non-EU imports. One approach involves curbing energy consumption, with targets set for a reduction of at least 40% in final energy consumption and 42.5% in primary energy consumption by 2030. Additionally, the EU aims to boost the share of renewable energy in its final energy consumption to 42.5% by 2030, with individual countries targeting 45%.
能源領域在歐盟的溫室氣體排放中發揮著重要作用，燃料燃燒占總量的四分之三以上。為應對這一情況，歐盟目標降低能源消耗，並增加乾淨能源的使用，減少對非歐盟進口的依賴。其中一種方法是限制能源消耗，到2030年設定最終能源消耗至少減少40%和初級能源消耗至少減少42.5%的目標。此外，歐盟目標增加其最終能源消耗中可再生能源的佔比，到2030年達到42.5%，而各個國家的目標則為45%。
The EU's commitment to reducing carbon emissions is at the forefront of its climate change efforts. With the adoption of the European Climate Law and the Fit for 55 in 2030 package, the EU aims to lead the way in mitigating climate change and achieving climate neutrality by 2050. Through measures like the Emissions Trading System and promoting sustainable fuels, the EU is addressing emissions from various sectors, including industry, transport, and the energy sector. By harnessing the power of forests and regulating other greenhouse gases, the EU strives to combat climate change on a global scale, contributing to the fulfillment of the Paris Agreement.
歐盟對減少碳排放的承諾是其對氣候變化努力的首要工作。隨著《歐洲氣候法》和Fit for 55 in 2030計劃的通過，歐盟目標要先減緩氣候變化，並在2050年實現氣候中和。通過排放交易系統和推廣永續燃料等措施，歐盟正在處理來自工業、運輸和能源等各個領域的排放。通過善用森林的力量和監管其他溫室氣體，歐盟努力在全球範圍內應對氣候變化，並為履行《巴黎協定》做出貢獻。
Reference article: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20180305STO99003/reducing-carbon-emissions-eu-targets-and-policies